Rust

Articles in Section

• CLI Arguments

  Command-line arguments

• Constants

  Constant values

• Enums

  Enums and match

• Error Handling

  Error handling in Rust

• Files

  File reading in Rust

• Flow Control

  Rust program flow control - if-else, loops

• Generics

  Generics in Rust

• Hashmaps

  Rust Hashmap collection

• Modules Structure

  Rust modules cheat sheet

• Ownership and References

  Rust ownership and reference rules

• Strings

  Rust &String and &str difference

• Structures

  Rust struct type

• Traits

  Rust traits

• Variables and constants

  Rust variables

• Vectors

  Rust vectors

Rust Tools

External link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifaLk5v3W90

• Rustup toolchain installer - https://rustup.rs/
• Rust-analyzer - brew install rust-analyzer
• Astro Vim for fast IDE, upgrade on NVIM - https://astronvim.github.io

git clone https://github.com/AstroNvim/AstroNvim ~/.config/nvim
nvim +PackerSync

# After install use commands:
:LspInstall rust -> rust-analyzer
:TSInstall rust

• Neovide GUI upgrade on Astro Vim

git clone https://github.com/neovide/neovide
cd neovide
cargo build --release

• EVCXR or iRUST REPL

cargo install evcxr_repl
cargo install irust

• Bacon terminal-based test runner (https://dystroy.org/bacon/)

cargo install --locked bacon
bacon test # run from project folder 

• Lazygit (https://github.com/jesseduffield/lazygit#homebrew)

Cargo

Use Cargo for managing projects.

cargo new test_project // create project with binary file src/main.rs
// OR
cargo new test_project --lib // create project with library file src/lib.rs 

cd test_project

Source code is in src folder.

cargo build # build project for debug, do not run
cargo run # build & run project
cargo check # fast compiling
cargo build --release # slow build with optimizations for speed of release version

Documentation of methods & traits used in code can be compiled an opened in browser with Cargo command:

cargo doc --open

Panic Response

В ответ на панику, по умолчанию программа разматывает стек (unwinding) - проходит по стеку и вычищает данные всех функций. Для уменьшения размера можно просто отключать программу без очистки - abort. Для этого в файле Cargo.toml надо добавить в разделы [profile]:

[profile.release]
panic = 'abort'

Cargo Clippy linter

Example of Clippy config:

cargo clippy --fix -- \
-W clippy::pedantic \
-W clippy::nursery \
-W clippy::unwrap_used \
-W clippy::expect_used

Clippy has a markdown book:

cargo install mdbook
# Run from top level of your rust-clippy directory:
mdbook serve book --open
# Goto http://localhost:3000 to see the book

Important Cargo libs

• Tokio - async runtime
• Eyre & color-eyre - type signatures, error report handling
• Tracing - collect diagnostic info
• Reqwest - HTTP requests library, async
• Rayon - data parallelism library, without data races
• Clap - commandline passing library
• SQLX - compile-checked SQL, async
• Chrono - time/date library
• EGUI - web-gui @60FPS, runs in Webassembly
• Yew.rs - web-library like React.js

Rust Prelude

Rust has a Prelude - a set of libraries included in every project. See current libs included in Prelude - https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/prelude/index.html

User input

std::io::stdin library is used to get user input from standard input stream. Not included in Prelude:

use std:io

let mut guess = String::new();

io::stdin().read_line(&mut guess).expect("Failed to load");

.expect handles Err variant of read_line function, crashing the program with the defined error message.